Difference between revisions of "Example:Radio-frequency single electron transistor"
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along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | ||
""" | """ | ||
| − | from nomographer import * | + | from pynomo.nomographer import * |
# for testing | # for testing | ||
Revision as of 18:20, 7 October 2008
Contents
Radio-frequency single-electron transistor (RF-SET)
| RF-SET | |
 | |
| author | Leif Roschier |
|---|---|
Theory and background
Radio-frequency single-electron transistor (RF-SET) is a sensitive charge detector. It's charge sensitivity [math]\delta q [e/\sqrt{Hz}]\,[/math] in normal (not superconducting) operation is typically set by pre-amplifier noise temperature [math]T_0 [K]\,[/math], charging energy [math]E_C [J]\,[/math], transistor island electron temperature [math]T [K]\,[/math], SET high bias DC resistance [math]R_\Sigma [\Omega]\,[/math] and LC-transformer impedance [math]Z_{TR} [\Omega]\,[/math] according to relation [1]
[math]\delta q \approx \frac{2(3\frac{R_\Sigma}{Z_{TR}}+\frac{Z_{TR}}{Z_T}) \sqrt{k_B T_0 Z_T}}{2\times 0.41 t^{-1.74} 0.9 E_C/e^2}, \,[/math]
where [math]t \equiv k_B T/E_C\,[/math]. Note that [math]T\,[/math] is at low temperatures set often by heating effects, not the base temperature of refrigerator. More details about RF-SET noise analysis is found in Ref. [2] and from references there.
References
- ↑ L. Roschier, M. Sillanpää, W. Taihong, M. Ahlskog, S. Iijima and P. Hakonen, “Carbon nanotube radio-frequency single-electron transistor”, Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 136, 465 (2004).
- ↑ L. Roschier, P. Hakonen, K. Bladh, P. Delsing, K.W. Lehnert, L. Spietz and R. Schoelkopf, “Noise performance of the radio-frequency single-electron transistor”, Journal of Applied Physics, 95, 1274 (2004).
Construction of the nomograph
The equation is split into two equations that each are blocks. Second equation is split into two equations in order to construct the contour block.
| [math]-\log(\delta q)+x+\frac{1}{2}\log(k_B T_0 Z_T)-\log(0.9(k_B E_C)^{2.74}-\log(0.41(k_B T)^{-1.74}/e)=0\,[/math] | type 3 |
| [math]\exp(x) = (3\frac{R_\Sigma}{Z_{TR}}+\frac{Z_{TR}}{Z_T})[/math]
split into two equations for contour construction: [math]y = R_\Sigma \,[/math] [math]y = \left(\exp (x) - \frac{Z_{TR}}{Z_T}\right)\frac{Z_{TR}}{3}[/math] |
type 5 |
Generated nomograph
| Second order equation | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Generated portable document file (pdf): | File:Ex rfset.pdf |
Source code
""" ex_rfset.py Sensitivity of radio-frequency single electron transistor (RF-SET). Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Leif Roschier This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. """ from pynomo.nomographer import * # for testing R_sigma=60e3 Z_tr=800.0 t=0.2 k_b=1.3806504e-23 T_0=4.0 Z_T=50.0 E_C=2.0*k_b e=1.3806504e-19 T=t*E_C/k_b d_q = 2.0*(3.0*R_sigma/Z_tr+Z_tr/Z_T)*sqrt(k_b*T_0*Z_T)/(2.0*0.41*t**(-1.74)*0.9*E_C/e**2)/e print "for testing...d_q: %g"%d_q def f_dq(q): return -log(q*1e-6)-14.0 # additional const for helping scale alignment def f_t0(t0): return 0.5*log(k_b*t0*Z_T)+14.0 # additional const for helping scale alignment def f_ec(ec): # [K] return -log(0.9*(k_b*ec)**2.74)-150.0 # additional const for helping scale alignment def f_t(t): return -log(0.41*(k_b*t)**-1.74/e)+150.0 # additional const for helping scale alignment def f_rs(rs): return rs*1e3 def f_ztr(x,ztr): return (exp(x)-ztr/Z_T)*ztr/3.0 block_contour_params={ 'width':10.0, 'height':5.0, 'block_type':'type_5', 'u_func':f_rs, 'v_func':f_ztr, 'u_values':[10.0,20.0,30.0,40.0,50.0,60.0,70.0,80.0,90.0,100.0], 'v_values':[100.0,200.0,400.0,800.0,1600.0], 'wd_tag':'AA', 'u_title':'$R_\Sigma (k\Omega )$', 'v_title':r'$Z_{TR}$', 'v_text_format':r"$%3.0f \Omega$ ", 'u_text_format':r"$%3.0f$ ", 'mirror_y':False, 'wd_tick_levels':0, 'wd_tick_text_levels':0, } # this is non-obvious trick to find bottom edge coordinates of the grid in order # to align it with N nomogram block1_dummy=Nomo_Block_Type_5(mirror_x=False) block1_dummy.define_block(block_contour_params) block1_dummy.set_block() x_params={ 'u_min':block1_dummy.grid_box.params_wd['u_min'], 'u_max':block1_dummy.grid_box.params_wd['u_max'], 'function':lambda u:u, 'title':'', 'tag':'AA', 'tick_side':'right', 'tick_levels':2, 'tick_text_levels':2, 'reference':False, 'tick_levels':0, 'tick_text_levels':0, 'title_draw_center':True, 'text_format':r"$%3.2f$ " } N_params_1={ 'u_min':0.5, 'u_max':20.0, 'function':f_ec, 'title':r'$E_C (K)$', 'tick_levels':4, 'tick_text_levels':3, 'scale_type':'log', } N_params_2={ 'u_min':0.1, 'u_max':20.0, 'function':f_t, 'title':r'$T (K)$', 'tick_levels':4, 'tick_text_levels':3, 'scale_type':'log', } N_params_3={ 'u_min':0.5, 'u_max':100.0, 'function':f_dq, 'title':r'$\delta q (\mu e/\sqrt{Hz})$', 'tick_levels':4, 'tick_text_levels':2, 'scale_type':'log', } N_params_4={ 'u_min':0.1, 'u_max':20.0, 'function':f_t0, 'title':r'$T_0 (K)$', 'tick_levels':2, 'tick_text_levels':1, 'scale_type':'log', } block_1_params={ 'block_type':'type_3', 'width':5.0, 'height':10.0, 'mirror_x':True, 'reference_padding':0.05, 'f_params':[N_params_1,N_params_2,N_params_3, N_params_4,x_params] } main_params={ 'filename':'ex_rfset.pdf', 'paper_height':20.0, 'paper_width':20.0, 'block_params':[block_1_params,block_contour_params], 'transformations':[('rotate',-0.01),('scale paper',)], 'title_str':r'' } Nomographer(main_params)
